Marked progress has been made in biochemical fields like clinical diagnostics and drug discovery to clarify the functions of proteins and assay drugs base on and keeping pace with the advance of genomic sequencing and information data obtained thereby.
To process such enormous amounts of information obtained by sequencing a technology ensuring a high speed and high precision analysis of a very small amount of natural substances is essential.
Thus, various machines and apparatus as well as methods have been invented and developed as novel systems for such analysis, wherein the precision and sensitivity of such machines have been improved a lot to meet the requirement.

Nevertheless, as far as the vessels, plates and devices in contact with living substances are concerned, we are still using classical materials chosen from their transparency and moldability, such as polystyrene and polypropylene, where no remarkable progress is found since the transition in the past from glass to plastics.
While organic substances existing in vivo, such as proteins, may be stable therein, their structure and functions are vulnerable to substantial alteration and damage in vitro when picked up into contact with plates or onto devices as foreign matters due to the adsorption of the substances to vessels, plates and devices.
Moreover, such physical influences as on the changes in concentration and loss of proteins due to the adsorption, came to be not negligible, vital hindrance of analytical research along with the finer amount of proteins to be handled.
Higher speed and higher sensitivity of analytical systems are bigger drivers for us to motivate the development of next-generation devices which have intelligent surface controlling over protein adsorption, since such new systems will apparently meet with serious difficulties of traditional vessels, and devices.